gt-grammar.html

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<table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">105</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">93</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">81</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">110</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">116</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">93</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">88</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">108</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">91</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">115</td></tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table>
</div>
<p>Fertig ist die Darstellung der absoluten Häufigkeiten der Variable <code>mot</code>. Dies sieht schon viel schöner aus als in der R Konsole (und ist auch als Bild exportierbar, dazu später mehr). Bevor nun einzelne Formatierungsmöglichkeiten in <code>gt</code> gezeigt werden, gehen wir über zu Kreuztabellen und zur Ausgabe prozentualer Häufigkeiten.</p>
</div>
<div id="kreuztabelle" class="section level2">
<h2>Kreuztabelle</h2>
<p>Wir nehmen wieder ein Beispiel aus dem Trainingsdatensatz <code>uni</code>. Wir möchten eine Kreuztabelle zwischen Studienort (<code>city</code>) und Studienfach (<code>study</code>) erstellen. Wir möchten wissen, wie viele Personen jeweils in den einzelnen Städten die spezifischen Fächer studieren.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>example</span></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>                     
                      Gießen Marburg Frankfurt
  Political Science       70      72        78
  Sociology               88      94        81
  Educational Science     95      96        74
  Psychology              85      88        79</code></pre>
<p>Wir wir sehen ist die originäre R Ausgabe nicht gut visuell dargestellt und auch die bisher genutzten Pakete erhöhten zwar die <em>readibility</em> in der Konsole, konnten aber nicht den Export unterstützen. Für die Weiterverwendung in anderen Paketen eignet sich daher das <em>package</em> <code>gt</code>, mit dem wir Bilddateien aus den Tabellen erstellen können.</p>
<p>Hierbei greifen wir auf das Paket <code>tidyverse</code> zurück, in dem wir die Daten für das <em>package</em> <code>gt</code> manipulieren. Nehmen wir das Beispiel einer Kreuztabelle zwischen Studienort und Studienfach von oben. Zuerst selektieren wir zur Vereinfachung den Datensatz auf die zwei genutzten Variablen mit <code>select()</code>. Anschließend gruppieren wir die Daten mit <code>group_by()</code>. Danach nutzen wir <code>summarize()</code>, um die Summen der einzelnen Kombinationen zu bilden (also die späteren Zellen der Tabelle). Bevor wir dann die Funktion <code>gt()</code> aufrufen, nutzen wir eine weitere Funktion aus <code>tidyverse</code>, nämlich <code>pivot_wider()</code>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uni <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">select</span>(study,</span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         city</span>
<span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">group_by</span>(city, </span>
<span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>           study</span>
<span id="cb8-7"><a href="#cb8-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>           ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb8-8"><a href="#cb8-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">n =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb8-9"><a href="#cb8-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">pivot_wider</span>(<span class="at">names_from =</span> city,</span>
<span id="cb8-10"><a href="#cb8-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>              <span class="at">values_from =</span> n</span>
<span id="cb8-11"><a href="#cb8-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>              )</span></code></pre></div>
<div data-pagedtable="false">
<script data-pagedtable-source type="application/json">
{"columns":[{"label":["study"],"name":[1],"type":["fct"],"align":["left"]},{"label":["Gießen"],"name":[2],"type":["int"],"align":["right"]},{"label":["Marburg"],"name":[3],"type":["int"],"align":["right"]},{"label":["Frankfurt"],"name":[4],"type":["int"],"align":["right"]}],"data":[{"1":"Political Science","2":"70","3":"72","4":"78"},{"1":"Sociology","2":"88","3":"94","4":"81"},{"1":"Educational Science","2":"95","3":"96","4":"74"},{"1":"Psychology","2":"85","3":"88","4":"79"}],"options":{"columns":{"min":{},"max":[10]},"rows":{"min":[15],"max":[15]},"pages":{}}}
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<p>Wir sehen, dass wir nun ein <em>tibble</em> haben, der in der ersten Spalte die Ausprägungen von <code>study</code> hat, und die zweite bis vierte Spalte stellen die Ausprägungen von <code>city</code> dar. In den einzelnen Feldern befindet sich die Summe der einzelnen Paare.</p>
</div>
<div id="kreuztabelle-mit-gt" class="section level2">
<h2>Kreuztabelle mit <code>gt</code></h2>
<p>Als nächstes werden wir jetzt dann die Funktion <code>gt()</code> aufrufen:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uni <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">select</span>(study, </span>
<span id="cb9-3"><a href="#cb9-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         city</span>
<span id="cb9-4"><a href="#cb9-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb9-5"><a href="#cb9-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">group_by</span>(city, </span>
<span id="cb9-6"><a href="#cb9-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>           study</span>
<span id="cb9-7"><a href="#cb9-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>           ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb9-8"><a href="#cb9-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">n =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb9-9"><a href="#cb9-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">pivot_wider</span>(<span class="at">names_from =</span> city, </span>
<span id="cb9-10"><a href="#cb9-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>              <span class="at">values_from =</span> n</span>
<span id="cb9-11"><a href="#cb9-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>              ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb9-12"><a href="#cb9-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">gt</span>()</span></code></pre></div>
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<table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">study</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gießen</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marburg</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frankfurt</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Political Science</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">70</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">72</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">78</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Sociology</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">88</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">94</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">81</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Educational Science</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">95</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">96</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">74</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Psychology</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">85</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">88</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">79</td></tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table>
</div>
<p>Nun sehen wir die erste mit <code>gt</code> erzeugte Kreuztabelle. Bevor wir nun in die Formatierung der Tabelle gehen, schaffen wir erst prozentuale Ausgaben. <strong>Wichtig hierbei</strong>: Die Konvention ist, dass wir Spaltenprozente erstellen.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uni <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">select</span>(study,</span>
<span id="cb10-3"><a href="#cb10-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         city</span>
<span id="cb10-4"><a href="#cb10-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb10-5"><a href="#cb10-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">group_by</span>(city,</span>
<span id="cb10-6"><a href="#cb10-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>           study</span>
<span id="cb10-7"><a href="#cb10-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>           ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-8"><a href="#cb10-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">n =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-9"><a href="#cb10-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">prop =</span> n <span class="sc">/</span> <span class="fu">sum</span>(n))<span class="sc">%&gt;%</span>   <span class="co"># neue prozentualer Anteil nach Spalten!</span></span>
<span id="cb10-10"><a href="#cb10-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">pivot_wider</span>(<span class="at">names_from =</span> city, </span>
<span id="cb10-11"><a href="#cb10-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>              <span class="at">values_from =</span> prop</span>
<span id="cb10-12"><a href="#cb10-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>              ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb10-13"><a href="#cb10-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">gt</span>()</span></code></pre></div>
<div id="jdaiyhtqik" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;">
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<table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">study</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gießen</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marburg</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frankfurt</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Political Science</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">70</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2071006</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Sociology</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">88</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2603550</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Educational Science</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">95</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2810651</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Psychology</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">85</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2514793</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Political Science</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">72</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2057143</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Sociology</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">94</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2685714</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Educational Science</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">96</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2742857</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Psychology</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">88</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2514286</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Political Science</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">78</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2500000</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Sociology</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">81</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2596154</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Educational Science</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">74</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2371795</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="gt_row gt_center">Psychology</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">79</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">NA</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">0.2532051</td></tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table>
</div>
<p>Das Ergebnis irritiert etwas, denn wir haben doppelte Spalten. Dies liegt daran, dass wir weiterhin noch die absoluten Zahlen als Spalte (<code>n</code>) mit übergeben haben. Diese schließen wir einfach über <code>subset()</code> aus:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uni <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">select</span>(study, </span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         city</span>
<span id="cb11-4"><a href="#cb11-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb11-5"><a href="#cb11-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">group_by</span>(city,</span>
<span id="cb11-6"><a href="#cb11-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>           study</span>
<span id="cb11-7"><a href="#cb11-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>           ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb11-8"><a href="#cb11-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">n =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb11-9"><a href="#cb11-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">prop =</span> n <span class="sc">/</span> <span class="fu">sum</span>(n))<span class="sc">%&gt;%</span>   <span class="co"># neue prozentualer Anteil nach Spalten!</span></span>
<span id="cb11-10"><a href="#cb11-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">subset</span>(<span class="at">select =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;city&quot;</span>, </span>
<span id="cb11-11"><a href="#cb11-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>                    <span class="st">&quot;study&quot;</span>,</span>
<span id="cb11-12"><a href="#cb11-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>                    <span class="st">&quot;prop&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb11-13"><a href="#cb11-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>                    )</span>
<span id="cb11-14"><a href="#cb11-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>         ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="co"># die zwei Variablen und prop! </span></span>
<span id="cb11-15"><a href="#cb11-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">pivot_wider</span>(<span class="at">names_from =</span> city, </span>
<span id="cb11-16"><a href="#cb11-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>              <span class="at">values_from =</span> prop</span>
<span id="cb11-17"><a href="#cb11-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>              ) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb11-18"><a href="#cb11-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">gt</span>()</span></code></pre></div>
<div id="ypmpqshedm" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;">
<style>html {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', Arial, sans-serif;