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<br><br>
<center>
<p style="font-size: 26px; font-weight:bold; align:center;color:rgb(69, 130, 236)"> Datensätze bändigen & visualisieren mit R</p>
<br>
<p style="font-size: 24px; align:center"> Benedikt Philipp Kleer <br> 11. Oktober 2021</p>
<hr />
<br>
</center>
<div id="header">
</div>
<div id="tabellen-publizierbar-erstellen-mit-gt" class="section level2">
<h2>Tabellen publizierbar erstellen mit <code>gt</code></h2>
<p>Das <em>package</em> <code>gt</code> (<em>grammar of tables</em>) inkludiert hilfreiche Funktionen, um Tabellen aus R in ein Format zu exportieren, das in wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten oder bei Präsentationen genutzt werden kann.</p>
<p>Das Paket ist umfassend und hier werden nur einführende Schritte dargestellt, die aber für erste Projekte im BA-Studium hilfreich sind. Die genaue Dokumentation findet sich in der <a href="https://gt.rstudio.com/">Benutzerdokumentation</a>.</p>
<p>Die generelle Funktionslogik erfolgt bei <code>gt</code> wie folgt:</p>
<center>
<img src="pics/gt.svg" title="fig:" alt="Aufbau-Logik eines tables in gt" />
</center>
<p>All diese verschiedenen Felder können einzeln angesprochen werden und verändert werden.</p>
<p>Bevor wir nun mit den Beispielen starten, müssen wir das <em>package</em> selbst laden als auch <code>tidyverse</code>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># falls noch nicht installiert</span></span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># install.packages("gt", </span></span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># dependencies = TRUE</span></span>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># )</span></span>
<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># install.packages("tidyverse",</span></span>
<span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># dependencies = TRUE</span></span>
<span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># )</span></span>
<span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-10"><a href="#cb1-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(<span class="st">"gt"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-11"><a href="#cb1-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(<span class="st">"tidyverse"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="eine-einfache-tabelle" class="section level2">
<h2>Eine einfache Tabelle</h2>
<p>Bevor wir nun Kreuztabellen darstellen, machen wir eine einfache Tabelle. Wir wollen zum Beispiel die Häufigkeiten für die <em>Studienmotivation</em> ausgeben lassen (<code>mot</code>).</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">table</span>(uni<span class="sc">$</span>mot)</span></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
105 93 81 110 116 93 88 108 91 115 </code></pre>
<p>Zuerst müssen wir mit <code>tidyverse</code> ein <em>tibble</em> schaffen, dass wir an <code>gt</code> übergeben können. Dazu wählen wir aus dem Datensatz die Variable <code>mot</code> aus, gruppieren die Daten nach <code>mot</code> und bilden dann mit summarize die jeweilige Summe unter den Ausprägungen der Variable <code>mot</code> (Funktion <code>n()</code>). Mit <code>gt()</code> erstellen wir dann die Tabelle:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uni <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(mot) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(mot) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">n =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">gt</span>()</span></code></pre></div>
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border-top-style: double;
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border-bottom-width: 2px;
border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
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border-left-width: 2px;
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border-right-width: 2px;
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padding: 4px;
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border-bottom-width: 2px;
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715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
font-style: italic;
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<table class="gt_table">
<thead class="gt_col_headings">
<tr>
<th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mot</th>
<th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="gt_table_body">
<tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">0</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">105</td></tr>
<tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">1</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">93</td></tr>
<tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">2</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">81</td></tr>
<tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">3</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">110</td></tr>
<tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">4</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">116</td></tr>
<tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">5</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">93</td></tr>
<tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">6</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">88</td></tr>
<tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">7</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">108</td></tr>
<tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">8</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">91</td></tr>
<tr><td class="gt_row gt_right">9</td>
<td class="gt_row gt_right">115</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Jetzt ist das Format noch etwas unhandlich für Berichte oder Abschlussarbeiten und daher nutzen wir eine weitere Funktion aus <code>tidyverse</code>, nämlich <code>pivot_wider()</code>. Mit <code>pivot_wider()</code> können wir die Tabelle neu ordnen. Hierbei geben wir dann an, dass die Spaltennamen die Ausprägungen von <code>mot</code> sind und die Werte (also der Inhalt der ersten und einzigen Zeile) aus der vorherigen Spalte <code>n</code> entnommen werden.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>uni <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(mot) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(mot) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">n =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">pivot_wider</span>(<span class="at">names_from =</span> mot,</span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">values_from =</span> n</span>
<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">gt</span>()</span></code></pre></div>
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